Biomimetic 3D-printed PCL scaffold containing a high concentration carbonated-nanohydroxyapatite with immobilized-collagen for bone tissue engineering: Enhanced bioactivity and physicomechanical characteristics. While enzymes are sensitive to inhibitors, incorporation of enzyme molecules in biosensors may be limited because of the tedious, time-consuming and costly enzyme purification, the requirement for multiple enzymes to generate the measurable product, or the need for cofactor/coenzyme [21]. Many red algal species produce different types of carrageenans during their developmental history. No, Is the Subject Area "Sulfates" applicable to this article? Therefore, -carrageenan could be a potent factor to improve implant osteoinductivity and osseointegration when incorporated in a CaP coating of titanium implants. Four absorption feet enhance Anti-magnetic, polished stainless steel, wire weights up to 500 mg We enable biopharma manufacturers with end-to-end fluid management solutions. Higher number of sulfate ester groups presence in the carrageenan molecule would result in lower solubility temperature and lower gel strength of the polysaccharide [68]. Gelatinous extracts of the Chondrus crispus seaweed have been used as food additives since approximately the fifteenth century. Yes Three microbial biosensors were taken on the first day and their potentiometric responses were measured against the determination of 50 ppm -carrageenan in 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), and the rest of the biosensors were evaluated intermittently over the experimental period of 60 days towards the same -carrageenan concentration at 50 ppm in 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.5. [32], As of 2018, carrageenan was deemed non-toxic under certain consumption levels (75mg/kg bw per day), although further research was recommended, mainly focused on the fate of carrageenan during and after digestion, and on any subsequent metabolites.[4][33]. Discs were incubated for 24h in 1ml PBS containing 10mg FITC-BSA for up to 7days at 37C. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214580.g003. Cell lysate was collected using lysis buffer, and DNA content per well was determined with the Cyquant Cell Proliferation Assay (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, United States) according to the manufacturers protocol. Coatings 10, 11181119. 202201020236). OCP coating with -carrageenan (2mg/ml) increased matrix mineralization in pre-osteoblasts after 21 days of culture (Figure 8). Enzymes are known for their high selectivity to their specific analytes. We characterized -carrageenan-functionalized biomimetic OCP-coated titanium and tested the effect of carrageenan-functionalization on MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast behavior and osteogenic differentiation. (C) BSA release profile. An ideal therapeutic agent for bone substitute functionalization should have the potential to induce cellular activities required for bone regeneration including cell migration, adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation (Zamani et al., 2018). Your success will determine our future; we support you to be successful. Part C. Methods 16, 12551265. These nitrile disposable gloves are the ultimate barrier against harmful exposures and rip-tear. hydroxyapatite or -tricalcium phosphate (Takahashi et al., 2008). Amorphous precursor-mediated calcium phosphate coatings with tunable microstructures for customized bone implants. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1072, Geonzon, L. C., Bacabac, R. G., and Matsukawa, S. (2019). Their main application is in dairy and meat products, due to their strong binding to food proteins. Discs were assayed in triplicate. Recoveries of -carrageenan between 94.0% and 99.8% for 430 ppm spiked standard -carrageenan indicates that the biosensor can be used for accurate and reliable determination of -carrageenan in dairy milk sample (Table 4). This ratio resembles the reported OCP molar CaP ratio of 1.33 (Nourmohammadi et al., 2017), indicating that -carrageenan did not affect the chemical composition of the OCP coating, and thus can be successfully incorporated in the OCP coating. Effect of 2mg/ml -carrageenan in OCP-coating of titanium discs on paxillin expression and distribution of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts at 1h. (A) Cells stained for DAPI/phalloidin (blue/red) and paxillin (green). We can help improve your knowledge in key areas such as understanding selectivity and method development. 138, 1448114487. 10:1011853. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1011853. ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts was enhanced by -carrageenan at day 3 (0.5, 1, and 2mg/ml) and day 7 (1 and 2mg/ml), with 2mg/ml showing the strongest effect (Figures 7A,B). If you are using a CNAME origin record, make sure it is valid and resolvable. Mat. The SPE-based biosensor gave satisfactory relative standard deviation (RSD) at 2.6% for three consecutive -carrageenan measurements with three different biosensor electrodes indicating high reproducibility of the sensing elements for measurement of -carrageenan. A novel BMP2-coprecipitated, layer-by-layer assembled biomimetic calcium phosphate particle: A biodegradable and highly efficient osteoinducer. Values are mean SD. 6 (23), 1770120. doi:10.1002/adhm.201770120, Kim, M. C., Kim, C., Wood, L., Neal, D., Kamm, R. D., and Asada, H. H. (2012). New membranes were developed by chemically modifying -carrageenan via phosphorylation to produce O-methylene phosphonic -carrageenan (OMPC), which showed enhanced membrane conductivity. In short, PrestoBlue reagent was added to the cells (10%, vol/vol), followed by 30min incubation in a 5% CO2 in air incubator with a humidified atmosphere at 37C. We found a positive effect of -carrageenan in OCP-coating on most pre-osteoblast activities. -Carrageenan has been used widely in the food industry to gel, thicken, and stabilize food products for decades, and its safety has been recognized based on a large database of animal studies (Geonzon et al., 2019). Res. Biotechnol., 20 October 2022, View all No, Is the Subject Area "Hydrogen" applicable to this article? No pretreatment to the food sample was necessary when the developed whole cell biosensor was employed for direct assay of -carrageenan in dairy product. In this study, new pH-sensitive nanogels containing rivastigmine as a model drug were synthesized by graft polymerization of Acrylamid/Sodium Acrylate monomers [30] The use of carrageenan in infant formula, organic or otherwise, is prohibited in the EU for precautionary reasons, but is permitted in other food items. Surg. You are looking for a specific separation. (Supplementary Figure S3). Part B Rev. 2023 VWR International, LLC. 13, 46. doi:10.3390/jfb13020046, Jin, J., Fei, D., Zhang, Y., and Wang, Q. Entrapment method of immobilization within polymeric membrane, on the other hand, is based on the localization of sensing element within a polymer matrix, which can render the resulting sensing phase sustains lower sensitivity, poor selectivity and limited stability. Tissue Eng. With label materials designed specifically for harsh environments in labs or industrial applications. -Carrageenan at all concentrations tested did affect the morphology of the OCP-coated titanium discs, i.e. CaP coating with BMP2 improves implant osteoinductivity (Vehof et al., 2001). (C) Calcium/phosphate ratio. Its a natural ingredient that comes from red seaweed (also called Irish moss). The biosensor response time is controlled by the substrate diffusion through the membrane in addition to the cell or enzyme kinetics [40]. Is the Subject Area "Biosensors" applicable to this article? Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. The Safety needles are compatible with all syringes with Luer/Luer lock (ISO 594) From most basic microscopes to sophisticated models, image recording systems and cold light sources to consumables. Immobilization of cells at the surface allows direct contact with the liquid phase containing the substrate, which promotes mass transfer kinetics without a diffusion barrier at the membrane surface [29]. The stained ALP protein area was determined using the plugin of Analyze Particles. (B) Presto-blue cell metabolic activity. We showed that -carrageenan did not affect the hydrophilicity of the coating, i.e. They are widely used in the food and other industries as thickening and stabilizing agents. Natl. (B) Quantitive colorimetric results of extracellular matrix mineralization. All the solutions were prepared in Milli-Q deionized water (18 MOhm). The biosensor exhibited a significantly higher response towards -carrageenan when compared with other types of carrageenan (p<0.001) and negligible responses were obtained from both - and -carrageenan over the concentration range of 1100 ppm, which suggests good selectivity of the potentiometric whole cell biosensor towards -carrageenan. 201808440487). BSA, bovine serum albumin. Therefore, carrageenan continues to meet the OFPA criteria for inclusion on the National List. Runx2, Runt-related transcription factor-2; Opn, osteopontin; Fgf2, fibroblast growth factor-2; Ocn, osteocalcin; Dmp1, dentin matrix protein-1; Mepe, matrix extracellular phosphoprotein. Kappa-carrageenan is a relatively cheap support carrier, which can substantially reduce costs in a large-scale production. However, the practical application of the polymeric gel carriers including -carrageenan beads has been limited by the problems of gel degradation and low mechanical strength. You can search our application library here. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) reactions were performed using the LightCycler 480 SYBR green I Master reaction mix according to the manufacturers instructions (Roche Diagnostics) in a Light Cycler 480 (Roche Diagnostics), and relative housekeeping gene expression (PBGD) and relative target gene expression, i.e. 14, 015008. doi:10.1088/1748-605x/aaeb82, Zheng, Y., Wu, G., Liu, T., Liu, Y., Wismeijer, D., and Liu, Y. OCP coatings without -carrageenan showed less FITC-BSA (top view) compared to OCP coatings with -carrageenan at 0.5mg/ml and 2mg/ml (most FITC-BSA) after 7days incubation (Figure 3A). We acknowledge financial support from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia via the Operational Research University grant (STGL-007-2010/10) and GP-5179-2018. The titanium surface pattern showed a bump at 30 typical of a CaP amorphous state. Its many uses include adding a dilution of Kappa to yoghurt or cheese to prevent separation. Although carrageenans were introduced on an industrial scale in the 1930s, they were known to be used in China since around 600BCE (where Gigartina was used) and in Ireland around 400CE[14][15] Carrageen 'gelatin' can be prepared by boiling 140g (5oz) of rinsed Irish moss in 9L (8impqt) of water for 10 minutes, stirring the mixture as it boils. Data are expressed as -carrageenan-treated-over-control (T/C) ratio. Performance & security by Cloudflare. After harvest, the seaweed is dried, baled, and sent to the carrageenan manufacturer. Chem. OCP containing -carrageenan at 2mg/ml, but not at the other concentrations tested, resulted in a peak at 17 corresponding to diffraction in the OCP structure. Optical images were taken using a stereomicroscope. Characterization and in vitro evaluation of biphasic calcium pyrophosphate-tricalciumphosphate radio frequency magnetron sputter coatings. Buffer capacity was optimized by varying the PBS concentration between 1 mM and 50 mM, whilst the buffer pH was optimized between pH 4 and pH 10 by using 20 mM PBS. Mat. A potentiometric whole cell biosensor based on immobilized marine bacterium, Pseudomonas carrageenovora producing -carrageenase and glycosulfatase FDA also reviewed carrageenan safety for infant formula. P. carrageenovora is generally found in connection with marine eukaryotes hosts, and their biological activities are important in the marine ecosystem. Biol. Moreover, a minimum dose of drugs or biological agents can be incorporated in CaP coating to provide sustained drug or biological agent release for weeks in a cell-mediated manner (Wu et al., 2010). Same result trending is observed in the previous study based on immobilized Allivibrio fischeri in alginate microspheres for fluorescence monitoring of heavy metal toxicity, whereby a decrement in the luminescence intensity of the biosensor was observed when the microbial cells loaded above 0.78 OD at 600 nm [36]. C 76, 951958. Food Hydrocoll. Exp. Bar: 10m. Providing a wide range of specialized services and digital solutions to help you solve complex challenges. milk products, processed meats, infant formula, toothpaste, cosmetics and pesticides [6]. FIGURE 6. Webdescription Predominantly and lesser amounts of carrageenan form powder suitability suitable for gel preparation Looking for similar products? 693, 482489. If you can't find what you are looking for, just ask us. (Camb.) FIGURE 5. Citation: Hassan RA, Heng LY, Ahmad A, Tan LL (2019) Rapid determination of kappa-carrageenan using a biosensor from immobilized Pseudomonas carrageenovora cells. This work was also granted by Health-Holland (project no. Mepe belongs to the small integrin-binding ligands and influences the adhesion and differentiation of cells from the osteoblast cell lineage leading to increased bone formation (Sprowson et al., 2008). The XRD pattern of OCP-coated titanium discs without/with -carrageenan was also evaluated (Figure 2B). Writing original draft, Affiliations The amount of total protein was determined using a BCA Protein Assay Reagent kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and the absorbance was read at 540nm with a microplate reader (Synergy). A hybrid technology in which seaweed is treated heterogeneously as in the semirefined process exists, but alcohol or high salt levels are used to inhibit dissolution. The electrochemical potentiometric detection method shortens the analysis time to a few minutes as compared to the hours-long spectrophotometric method. Data are presented as mean standard deviation (SD). Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Expression pattern of (A) Runx2, (B) Opn, (C) Fgf2, (D) Ocn, (E) Mepe, and (F) Dmp1. Web-Carrageenan. Therefore, the PBS was maintained at pH 7.5 for further -carrageenan analysis with the potentiometric microbial biosensor. Mater. Integr. it changed the more straight sheet-like structure of CaP into a more curved sheet-like structure. Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM), LESTARI, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Roles Avantor is a vertically integrated, global supplier of discovery-to-delivery solutions for We found alternative products that can save you up to per item-unit. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.02.005, Shen, X., Hu, W., Ping, L., Liu, C., Yao, L., Deng, Z., et al.
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